Change one assumption
Can carbon emissions change while electricity use stays the same?
Prerequisites: Multiply decimals; distinguish W (power) from Wh (energy).
Student product: A two-row comparison and a two-sentence explanation.
For teachers · grades 9–12 / APES
Students inspect environmental estimates for AI, reproduce the arithmetic, and qualify their conclusions. Materials are draft; independent scientific review and multi-teacher pilots remain pending.
For an empirical extension, use the with recorded local readings.
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Can carbon emissions change while electricity use stays the same?
Prerequisites: Multiply decimals; distinguish W (power) from Wh (energy).
Student product: A two-row comparison and a two-sentence explanation.
What can a per-request estimate tell us—and what does it leave out?
Prerequisites: Introductory unit conversion; familiarity with models and variables.
Student product: A completed source audit, hand calculation, and supported headline.
Which conclusions survive when we examine sources, boundaries and trade-offs?
Prerequisites: Core lesson or experience evaluating scientific claims.
Student product: A claim audit and a decision memo that separates evidence from priorities.
Suggested full-period pacing: 5 minutes framing, 10 minutes source reading, 15 minutes calculation and sensitivity, 10 minutes interpretation, and 5–10 minutes discussion and exit ticket.
In this authored case, raising the grid factor changes annual emissions from about 3.56 to 6.39 kg CO₂e. Electricity stays 9.125 kWh. We would need the serving location and electricity mix to choose a real grid factor.
Supported headline: “Selected grid assumptions change this scenario’s carbon estimate.”
Unsupported headline: “Every AI user emits 6.39 kg of carbon each year.” It overgeneralizes the authored inputs and omits usage, time and boundary conditions.
Score each criterion 0–2: 2 = complete and accurate; 1 = partly demonstrated; 0 = absent or incorrect. Total: 8 points. Accept different conclusions when evidence and priorities are explicit.
Support options: provide the units and equation scaffold, allow a calculator, pair source reading with discussion, and accept an oral explanation. Extension: have students audit the original source before using a reported value.
The introductory lessons practice quantitative reasoning, source evaluation, and argument from evidence. They do not by themselves satisfy an entire NGSS performance expectation or claim official endorsement.
The advanced extension supports HS-ESS3-2 by comparing resource-management alternatives and cost-benefit ratios, and supports HS-ETS1-3 through explicit criteria and trade-offs. Teachers should check their current APES course framework before assigning specific practice codes.
Hypothetical classroom case; all numbers below are authored, not facility data. A computing facility uses 100,000 kWh and 50,000 L of direct water per year. Option A costs an additional $1,000/year and saves 20,000 kWh/year, with no change to water. Option B costs an additional $500/year and saves 10,000 kWh/year, but adds 20,000 L/year of direct water consumption. Assume equal service quality, the same grid, and no other operational changes. Capital, embodied impacts and local watershed conditions are unknown. Calculate each option’s annual energy and water, cost per kWh saved and water change. Recommend an option using stated priorities, and identify missing evidence.
Worked answer: A uses 80,000 kWh and 50,000 L/year; B uses 90,000 kWh and 70,000 L/year. Both cost $0.05 per kWh saved. A saves more energy without additional direct water; B has the smaller annual expense. Accept either recommendation when students explain priorities and missing context.
Target: 3–5 teachers across different classrooms, including students using assistive technology. Do not publish identifiable student work without the school’s appropriate process.
Send observations through the public issue form; omit student names and identifying information.
Energy/LCA and hydrology reviewers should use the downloadable factor ledger and evidence registry in Sources & method. For each claim, record the exact source version and page/table, original value and unit, conversion, system boundary, geography, and accept/revise/remove decision.
Reviewers should also examine median-to-annual scaling, media assumptions, grid accounting, water consumption versus withdrawal, comparison boundaries, and the interpretation of missing corporate disclosures. Publish reviewer expertise, affiliations/conflicts, date, review scope, disagreements and the response to each finding. Do not label the whole site “validated” based on a narrow review.